Accounting For Project-Based Businesses: Tracking Profitability By Job

If your business delivers services on a project or job basis — such as construction, design, consulting, or IT — tracking overall revenue isn’t enough. To truly understand your financial performance, you need to know which projects are profitable — and which ones are not.

That’s where job-level accounting comes in. Here’s how project-based businesses can track profitability by job, and why this kind of financial insight can make or break long-term success.

Why Project-Level Profitability Matters

Relying solely on overall income and expense figures can mask problems. You might be profitable in total, but losing money on specific projects without realising it.

Tracking each job’s performance helps you:

  • Quote accurately for future work
  • Identify and manage cost overruns
  • Allocate resources more efficiently
  • Decide which types of projects to pursue or avoid

In short, job-level tracking helps you protect your margins and run a lean, profitable operation.

What you Need to Track by Project

Effective project accounting means tracking income, costs, and time for each job. Key elements include:

1. Project Revenue

  • Invoices issued
  • Payment received
  • Milestone billing (if applicable)

2. Direct Costs

  • Labour hours or salaries
  • Subcontractor fees
  • Materials and supplies
  • Equipment hire
  • Travel or job-specific expenses

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3. Overhead Allocation (Optional)

Some businesses also assign a portion of overhead costs (e.g., rent, software subscriptions) to jobs for a more complete picture.

4. Profit Margin Per Job

Once income and costs are tracked, you can calculate gross profit per job and compare it to targets.

How Accounting Services Support Project-Based Businesses

1. Set Up Project Tracking Systems

Modern accounting platforms allow for job costing or project tagging, where income and expenses are assigned to specific projects. Accounting services help:

  • Set up a chart of accounts for project tracking
  • Configure reporting tools to show job-level performance
  • Train staff on consistent data entry

2. Monitor Performance in Real Time

With systems in place, you can view real-time dashboards showing project budgets, spend-to-date, and profitability. This helps:

  • Spot overruns early
  • Make mid-project adjustments
  • Compare actual vs. forecasted profit

3. Review and Analyse Results

Post-project reviews allow you to analyse:

  • Which projects were most/least profitable
  • Common cost drivers
  • Patterns across project types or clients

This insight helps refine pricing, improve efficiency, and increase future profitability.

Compliance Considerations in Singapore

While tracking job profitability helps with internal management, it also supports accurate reporting for tax and compliance purposes, including:

  • GST reporting (for taxable project revenue and costs)
  • Proper expense classification for IRAS tax filings
  • Financial clarity for ACRA annual returns

Well-maintained project records make filings faster and reduce audit risks.

Summary

For project-based businesses, profitability can vary widely from job to job. Without proper tracking, it’s easy to overlook losses or overestimate success. By implementing project-level accounting, you gain control over your financials, improve decision-making, and set your business up for sustainable growth.

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